Reference Sources for the German-speaking Countries

• Meyers Lexikon / xipolis.NET - Die Bibliothek des Wissens The equivalent of a one volume desk encyclopedia has begun changing to an academic reference site, xipolis.
• AEIOU: Österreich-Lexikon OnLine Extensive German language survey of Austrian history and culture in an enyclopedic format, many illustrations in the "Österreich-Album" section
• Könige, Kaiser, Staatschefs Heads of state through 1998; for the Empire until 1806, for "Kleindeutschland" after 1871. Hyper links lead to further historical information.
• Leo English / German Deutsch / Englisch Dictionary  The 180,000 entries cover the majority of standard items; weak on regionalisms. Converts from English to German and from German to English. German noun entries are not case sensitive
• English-German Dictionary from the University of Dresden has approximately 185,000 entries and offers special buttons for umlauted vowels. Can also return a list of compound words containing the entered German basic word and shows the English equivalent for each of the compounds.
• Tägliches Kalenderblatt  Daily historical calendar, Today in History - but from a German perspective; also includes name days, holidays and holy days. 
• Geschichte Berlins offers a slick interface with a detailed history of Berlin broken down by chronological period as well as a selection of Zille drawings of the Berlin Miljöh and a detailed history of the Reichstag building as an illustration of Berlin and German history. Although there is an English language version,  it appears to have been computer generated and is not very clear. A short history of Berlin in a graphically plain format is found in  Chronik der Stadt Berlin covering the period up to 1998 with major emphasis on the changes to the city since re-unification; (there is a similar Chronik on Cologne with emphasis on the periods of the  Roman Empire and the Merovingian Empire). 
• A project of a Berlin highschool presents a chronicle of the Berlin Blockade and Airlift from the viewpoint of those who experienced it.
• Geschichte.De is a switchboard for entering various time periods of the history of the German speaking countries. Some categories are: Deutsche Geschichte von den Anfängen bis heute; Deutsche Geschichte zwischen 1871 und 1945; Deutsche Kolonialgeschichte; Deutscher Orden; Deutsches Mittelalter; etc.
• German Life is an English language US magazine on Germany's past and present.
• 19th-century German Literature , online collection of classic German stories by Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, Joseph von Eichendorff, Jeremias Gotthelf, The Grimm Brothers, Heinrich von Kleist, etc.

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